lolembedwa ndi Sarah Wray, Mkonzi, Cities Today
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05/smart-home-iot-benefits-social-care-older-persons/
Kukwera kwa ndalama zothandizira anthu, ukalamba, ndi kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito zosamalira anthu kumabweretsa mavuto akulu kwa akuluakulu aboma aku UK.
Anthu ambiri akufufuza momwe njira zamakono zothandizira anthu zingathandize anthu okhala m'nyumba zawo kuti azikhala paokha kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zingathandize kuti moyo wawo ukhale wabwino komanso kuti bajeti yawo ikhale yofanana.
Makhonsolo ayeneranso kukonzekera kusintha kwa analogi kupita ku digito mu 2025, komwe kudzafunika njira zambiri zosamalira anthu pogwiritsa ntchito telecare kuti zikonzedwenso.
Ukadaulo womwe ukuyambitsidwa ukuphatikizapo masensa, ma speaker anzeru ndi magetsi, zenizeni zenizeni, ndi kulumikizana kwa makanema. Mapulojekiti oterewa ali ndi kuthekera kowonetsa mphamvu yeniyeni ya nyumba zanzeru kupitilira chinyengo cha zida zamagetsi komanso zosavuta kwambiri.
Kukula ndi ndalama nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta. Kuti apite patsogolo kuchokera ku zoyeserera ndi mayesero, makhansala angapo akuyamba kupanga mgwirizano watsopano ndi njira zachuma.
Khitchini ikufotokoza nkhani
Bungwe la Sutton Council ku London lakhala likugwira ntchito ndi Sutton Housing Group ndi kampani yaukadaulo ya IoT Solutions Group kuti lipereke masensa pafupifupi 150 m'nyumba omwe amapereka chidziwitso cha nthawi yeniyeni pa kuchuluka kwa ntchito za munthu.
Mgwirizano unali ukuchitika kale pankhani yokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito IoT zokhudzana ndi zinyalala ndi malo oimika magalimoto. Pamene kufunikira kwa chisamaliro cha anthu kunawonjezeka panthawi ya mliriwu ndipo kulumikizana maso ndi maso kunayenera kuchepetsedwa, IoT Solutions Group inafulumizitsa malonda atsopanowa.
Sensayi imayang'anira kusintha kwa mlengalenga - monga kuwiritsa ketulo, kutsegula chitseko kapena kuphika chakudya, ndipo imatha kuzindikiranso mavuto monga chiopsezo cha umphawi wa mafuta kapena chinyezi.
Masensa ogwiritsira ntchito batire, olumikizidwa kudzera pa netiweki yamagetsi ochepa (LPWAN), adatumizidwa kudzera mu bokosi la makalata, popanda mapulagi, mawaya kapena makonzedwe ofunikira komanso palibe chifukwa cholumikizira intaneti kunyumba.
"[Anthu okhala m'nyumba] amatha kuiyika kukhitchini n'kuiwala," akutero Neal Forse, Woyambitsa & CTO ku IoT Solutions Group.
"Kusintha kwa mlengalenga komwe sensa imapeza kumaphatikizidwa mumtambo, ndipo ndi pomwe timayendetsa kusanthula konse, pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms kuti tidziwe zochita za anthu mosiyana ndi china chilichonse."
Izi zimapanga 'mapasa a digito' a munthu aliyense kutengera machitidwe awo achizolowezi ndipo zimapangitsa chenjezo mwachangu kwa wosamalira, wachibale kapena woyang'anira wodziyimira pawokha ngati kusintha kwa machitidwewo kwapezeka.
Izi zimapereka njira ina m'malo mwa ma alarm a telecare, mwachitsanzo, omwe anthu okhala m'deralo ayenera kuwakakamiza, ndipo monga momwe Bradley Coupar, Smart Place Project Manager komanso Social Worker, Sutton Council, akunenera, "nthawi zambiri amatha kutsekedwa kapena kuikidwa mu kabati".
Coupar akuti dongosololi lathandiza kale kuti pakhale njira zothanirana ndi vutoli komanso kupulumutsa moyo wa munthu m'modzi pamene munthu wina adagwa m'nyumba mwake.
Iye akuti kuyesa komwe kukupitilira kwawonetsanso ubwino wa kuwona deta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira ndi kusanthula kolosera kuti zikhale zogwira mtima, m'malo mochitapo kanthu. Kuli ndi kuthekera kochepetsa ndalama zomwe bungweli limagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoposa 70 peresenti ya bajeti yake pa chisamaliro cha anthu.
"Cholinga chake si kuchotsa kulumikizana ndi anthu [kapena kuchepetsa] chithandizo chomwe chikubwera, koma ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mwalandira chithandizo choyenera panthawi yoyenera kudzera munjira yoyenera," adatero.
Mtengo wa sensa ya IoT Solutions Group ndi pafupifupi 10 GBP (13 USD) pamwezi pa chipangizo chilichonse, ndipo kuchotsera kumaperekedwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa masensa ndi nthawi yomwe mgwirizano wachitika.
"Zipangizo [zothandizira anthu] zomwe tili nazo panopa m'nyumba za anthu — mtengo wake ndi woposa pamenepo," akutero Coupar.
Tsopano chofunika kwambiri ndikupereka ukadaulowu kwa anthu ambiri kudzera mu njira yokhazikika.
Pa gawo lotsatira la mayesowa, chipangizochi chidzaphatikizidwa m'mapulatifomu angapo a opereka chithandizo cha telefoni, zomwe zidzapangitsanso kuti chizipezeka kwa akuluakulu ena am'deralo.
"Vuto lomwe mumakumana nalo ndi oyendetsa ndege ndilakuti ukadaulo sunakhazikitsidwe ngati chinthu chopangidwa ndipo sunalumikizidwe ndi zomangamanga zina zonse za telecare," akutero Coupar. "Kuphatikiza zida zatsopano mu mitundu yomwe tili nayo ndi chinthu chomwe ndikuchilimbikitsa kwambiri."
Konzani, musapange zinthu zatsopano
Monga Sutton, Bungwe la Mzinda wa Newcastle linaphunziranso kudzera mu kuyesa kuti kugwira ntchito ndi ogwirizana nawo ndikofunikira.
Bungweli limagwira ntchito ndi bungwe lopereka upangiri la Urban Foresight monga mnzake wothandizana nawo pakusintha kwa digito. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsogozedwa ndi mavuto, ntchito yokonzanso zinthu m'malo osamalira anthu akuluakulu idadziwika kuti ndi gawo lomwe zida zamagetsi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu - makamaka zokhudzana ndi kugwa. Ntchito yanthawi yochepayi imathandiza anthu kuchira ndikukhala pawokha kunyumba atakhala kuchipatala kapena kusintha zosowa zawo.
Njira yopezera zinthu inapeza kuti 41 peresenti ya ogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chobwezeretsanso zinthu amagwa asanalandire chithandizo kapena panthawi ya chithandizo chawo, ndipo izi sizinalembedwe m'magawo onse. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zinali kusadya ndi kumwa mokwanira, kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso kapena kugwa pamene akuyendayenda m'nyumba, komanso kufunika kokhala ndi mphamvu komanso kulinganiza bwino zinthu.
Gululo linafufuza ukadaulo kuti lione zida zomwe zingathandize komanso kafukufuku wa ogwiritsa ntchito momwe anthu amaonera ukadaulo wa digito.
Anasankha ma speaker anzeru a Amazon Alexa kuti azikumbutsa anthu kudya ndi kumwa, magetsi a Philips Smart Hue kuti athandize anthu kuyenda m'nyumba, komanso pulogalamu yophunzitsira anthu momwe angachitire zinthu kudzera pa kanema.
"Tinadabwa kwambiri kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi intaneti ya Wi-Fi komanso luso la digito ndipo anali ndi chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano kuti awathandize kukhala bwino kunyumba," akutero Emma Clement, Mlangizi Wamkulu ku Urban Foresight.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu kunali kochepa - kuyambira masika a 2021, ogwiritsa ntchito 12 adalandira ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana kutengera zosowa zawo, koma Ben McLaughlan, Woyang'anira Utumiki, Care Services for Adult Social Care ndi Integrated Services ku Newcastle City Council, akuti ngakhale pamlingo uwu ntchitoyi idapereka maphunziro ofunikira.
Chipangizo cha Alexa chinali chothandiza kwambiri pa zikumbutso, kuyatsa kwanzeru kunali kothandiza koma kunaonedwa kuti "kovuta kwambiri pa mapulogalamu oyeserera," ndipo pulogalamu yoyimbira makanema sinapitirire kupitirira umboni wa lingaliro chifukwa cha zovuta zolumikizirana.
Kudzera mu polojekitiyi, njira yojambulira bwino mawa idakhazikitsidwa.
Phunziro lalikulu kwa bungweli linali kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake. Kuyesaku kunawonetsa kuti gulu lokonzanso zinthu ndiloyenera kuthandiza akuluakulu kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo, osati kuuyika. Pa gawo lotsatira, bungweli ndi Urban Foresight adzagwira ntchito ndi mnzake wa telecare yemwe ali ndi luso loyambitsa ukadaulo wapakhomo komanso kuyang'anira nkhani monga kuwongolera katundu ndi kugula zinthu.
"Mfundo yomwe tatsatira ndi iyi: konzani, musapange zinthu zatsopano," akutero Clement.
Kuwunika mtengo wa ukadaulo wa ogula kunatsimikiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa ogula ndikotsika mtengo ndipo ngati njira yoyeserayi ikadaletsa kugwa kamodzi kokha, ikanadzilipira yokha kupitirira kawiri.
Gawo lotsatira lidzayesanso ma pendant omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafoni kuti athe kuvalidwa kunja kwa nyumba, ndipo akuphatikizapo njira yotsatirira malo kuti athandize odwala matenda a dementia omwe angasoche. Zipangizo za Alexa zidzayesedwanso m'malo osamalira odwala.
Clement anati maphunziro ena ofunikira omwe aphunziridwa ndi kufunika kotsatira njira yoganizira za mavuto, komanso ukadaulo, komanso kukhala ndi wogwira ntchito wodzipereka kuti ayang'anire pulogalamuyi.
Ntchitoyi ikugwirizanitsidwanso ndi Collaborative Newcastle, mgwirizano pakati pa bungweli, mabungwe azaumoyo ndi chisamaliro cha anthu, gawo lodzipereka ndi mayunivesite kuti akonze thanzi ndi ubwino mumzindawu. Ntchitoyi tsopano ili ndi njira yogwirira ntchito ya digito, yomwe ithandiza kuonetsetsa kuti malingaliro atsopano akufufuzidwa m'njira yonse, akutero McLaughlan.
Phindu pa ndalama zomwe zayikidwa
Liverpool ikuyesa ukadaulo waukadaulo waukadaulo wa digito pogwiritsa ntchito netiweki yake ya 5G. Izi zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira kwambiri ndipo zimapereka mphamvu zolankhulana, zomwe Ann Williams, Commissioning and Contracts Manager wa Adult Social Services ku Liverpool City Council, akunena kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri.
"Pali masensa ambiri omwe angagwiritse ntchito IoT ndipo ndi abwino kwambiri," adatero. "Ndi otsika mtengo kuposa zida zachikhalidwe zosamalira anthu pogwiritsa ntchito telefoni, kotero zimenezo ndi zabwino. Koma tikudziwa kuti sizingalowe m'malo mwa njira yosamalira anthu pogwiritsa ntchito telefoni mofanana chifukwa simungathe kulankhulana mawu."
Gawo loyamba la ntchitoyi linayamba mu Epulo 2018 monga gawo la Pulogalamu ya 5G Testbeds and Trials ya Dipatimenti ya Chikhalidwe, Media and Sport ndipo linagwira ntchito kwa miyezi 20.
Pulojekitiyi, yomwe idanenedwa kuti ndi yoyamba kuyesa zaumoyo yothandizidwa ndi 5G ku Europe, idalandira 4.9 miliyoni GBP (6.4 miliyoni USD) kuti iyese momwe ukadaulo wa 5G ungathandizire pazaumoyo komanso chisamaliro cha anthu m'dera lomwe lili ndi anthu osauka pa intaneti.
Inaperekedwa ndi gulu la anthu osiyanasiyana ndipo ukadaulo 11 unayesedwa ndi odzipereka, kuphatikizapo mapulogalamu ochepetsa kusungulumwa, mautumiki apa intaneti, kusokoneza ululu, masensa oteteza chilengedwe, chipangizo choletsa kusowa madzi m'thupi, ndi ulalo wa kanema wa mankhwala womwe umathandiza anthu kumwa mankhwala mosamala kunyumba.
Kuwunika kunatsimikiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kungawongolere thanzi ndi moyo wabwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo komanso kuonjezera mphamvu ya ntchito zaumoyo ndi chisamaliro cha anthu.
Kusanthulaku kunawerengera kuti ndalama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popereka chithandizo chaumoyo ndi chisamaliro cha anthu ndi zoposa 200,000 GBP pa ogwiritsa ntchito 100 pachaka, kutengera ukadaulo womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Gawo lachiwiri la polojekitiyi linalandira ndalama zina zokwana 4.3 miliyoni GBP kuti lipange netiweki yachinsinsi ya 5G ya ntchito zaumoyo ndi chisamaliro cha anthu m'madera ena ku Liverpool.
Ukadaulo umaphatikizapo chipangizo chamankhwala chowongolera ndikuwunika matenda patali, pulogalamu yomwe imaphunzitsa njira zochepetsera nkhawa, ntchito yowunikira odwala akutali, chisamaliro ndi kasamalidwe ka mabala komanso ukadaulo wa masensa.
Pulojekitiyi yawonjezeredwa posachedwapa kuti igwire ntchito mpaka Seputembala 2022 ndipo cholinga chake ndi kupanga 'dongosolo' logwiritsira ntchito ma netiweki achinsinsi a 5G popereka mautumiki aboma.
Pulojekitiyi idzatha ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane nkhani ya bizinesi ya 5G yachinsinsi.
Williams anati izi zikhudza ubwino wa moyo komanso ndalama zovuta ndipo zitha kuphatikizapo zinthu monga ndalama zomwe anthu amapewa chifukwa chokhala paokha kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepa kwa nthawi yogona komanso maola osamalira omasuka.
Iye akutero kuti kuwunika phindu lomwe lapezeka kumatanthauza kukhala omveka bwino pa zolinga.
"Nthawi zonse takhala tikukhala ndi mawu enieni opanda ukadaulo chifukwa cha ukadaulo. Pali mitundu yonse ya ukadaulo wa whizz bang kunja uko, koma funso ndi lakuti: kodi ukuthetsa vuto lenileni la nthawi yayitali?"
Zotsatira za netiweki
Ngakhale nkhani ya bizinesi si nkhani ya ndalama yokha, mizinda ikufunika kuganizira momwe mapulogalamu angathandizidwire kwa nthawi yayitali.
Njira yowonjezereka yopezera bizinesi ndi njira yopezera phindu lonse.
“Tili ndi malingaliro ambiri okhudza nzika osati thanzi ndi chisamaliro cha anthu okha,” akutero Williams. “Pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe tingagwiritse ntchito [network] iyi.”
Poganizira zomwe zikuchitika, Liverpool ikukhudzidwa ndi zoyesayesa zochepetsera kusiyana kwa digito kuti anthu ambiri athe kupeza mwayi wophunzirira pa intaneti, ntchito komanso zolinga zachitukuko.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa netiweki ya Liverpool ndi yachinsinsi, mzindawu ukhoza kupereka 'zidutswa' kwa ogwira ntchito pa netiweki yam'manja kuti adzaze mipata yofikira.
“Zimenezo zikusokoneza ubale wabwinobwino ndi makampani a mafoni,” akutero Williams. “Limodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu linandiuza kuti: ‘Ann, tilibe dipatimenti yomwe makhansala amatigulitsa: timagulitsa kwa inu.’”
Williams akuyembekeza kuti njira "yosokoneza" iyi ikhale yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa akuluakulu aboma.
Kuvomereza
Nyumba za anthu ndi malo awo achinsinsi kwambiri kotero pali mafunso okhudza ngati kuyang'anira kwa digito kungawoneke ngati kosokoneza.
Coupar akuti anthu ochepa okha omwe adapatsidwa ntchitoyi ku Sutton adakana. Palibe kujambula zithunzi kapena mawu komwe kumachitika, ndipo palibe deta yaumwini yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa.
"Kufunsa kunali kosavuta kwenikweni chifukwa panalibe chifukwa chokhazikitsa zinthu zovuta. Panthawi imene anthu anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi thanzi lawo, ndikuganiza kuti zinali zolandiridwa kuti akuluakulu aboma akuganizira njira zotetezera anthu."
Newcastle inapeza kuti anthu ena okhala m'deralo anali osamala akamalankhulana pafoni ndipo zinali zofunika kuwatengera zidazo ndikuwaonetsa.
Urban Foresight inapereka malangizo okhudza kayendetsedwe ka deta ndi chidziwitso chomwe chinaperekedwa kwa anthu chokhudza kukhala mbali ya mayesowo.
"Pali ma tempuleti ambiri omwe tingawagwiritsenso ntchito mtsogolo," akutero McLaughlan.
Williams anati anthu ochepa omwe adatenga nawo mbali ku Liverpool adabweza zida zoyezera masensa ponena kuti sakonda kumva kuti akuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Zidazo "si za aliyense," akutero koma akukhulupirira kuti izi zidzasintha pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi pamene anthu ayamba kuzolowera zida monga mawotchi anzeru ndi ukadaulo wina.
“Ifenso sitingathe kunena zinthu zambiri,” iye akutero. “Pali [anthu okalamba] ambiri omwe mwadzidzidzi anakhala akatswiri pa Facebook Portal kapena Google Hub chifukwa cha mliriwu.”
"Akugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo popanda kunena kuti ndi ukadaulo - amadziwa kuti akhoza kulankhula ndi zidzukulu zawo ngati achita izi, izi ndi izi. Ndipo umu ndi momwe timaonera anthu akuvomereza zinthu."
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Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-06-2022