ndi Sarah Wray, Mkonzi, Cities Today
https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/05/smart-home-iot-benefits-social-care-older-persons/
Kukwera kwa ndalama zothandizira anthu, anthu okalamba, komanso kuchepa kwa ogwira ntchito yosamalira anthu kumabweretsa zovuta zazikulu kwa akuluakulu aku UK.
Anthu ambiri akufufuza momwe matekinoloje aposachedwa angathandizire anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo kuti azikhala modziyimira pawokha kwa nthawi yayitali m'nyumba zawo, kuwongolera moyo wawo komanso kuwongolera bajeti.
Makhonsolo akuyeneranso kukonzekera kusintha kwa analogi kupita ku digito mu 2025, zomwe zidzafunika mayankho ambiri patelefoni kuti akwezedwe.
Matekinoloje omwe akuyambitsidwa amaphatikiza masensa, olankhula anzeru ndi magetsi, zenizeni zenizeni, ndi kulumikizana ndi makanema. Zoyeserera zotere zimatha kuwonetsa mphamvu zenizeni za nyumba zanzeru kupitilira gimmickry yamagetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Kukula ndi ndalama nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta. Kuti apite patsogolo kuchokera pa oyendetsa ndege ndi mayesero, makonsolo angapo akuyamba kupanga mgwirizano watsopano ndi njira zachuma.
Kukhitchini kumafotokoza nkhani
Sutton Council ku London yakhala ikugwira ntchito ndi Sutton Housing Group ndi kampani yaukadaulo ya IoT Solutions Group kuti igwiritse ntchito masensa 150 apanyumba omwe amapereka zidziwitso zenizeni zenizeni pazomwe munthu akuchita.
Mgwirizanowu udalipo kale pamilandu yogwiritsa ntchito IoT yokhudzana ndi zinyalala komanso kuyimitsa magalimoto. Pomwe kufunikira kwa chisamaliro cha anthu kumachulukirachulukira panthawi ya mliri komanso kulumikizana ndi anthu kunayenera kuchepetsedwa, IoT Solutions Group idatsata mwachangu chinthu chatsopanocho.
Sensa imayang'anira kusintha kwa mlengalenga - monga kuwira ketulo, kutsegula chitseko kapena kupanga chakudya, ndipo imatha kuzindikiranso zinthu monga umphawi wamafuta kapena chinyontho.
Masensa opangidwa ndi batri, olumikizidwa kudzera pa intaneti yotsika mphamvu, yotalikirapo (LPWAN), adaperekedwa kudzera mu bokosi la makalata, popanda mapulagi, mawaya kapena masinthidwe ofunikira komanso osafunikira intaneti yapanyumba.
"[Okhalamo] amatha kuyiyika kukhitchini ndikuyiwala," akutero Neal Forse, Woyambitsa & CTO ku IoT Solutions Group.
"Zosintha zam'mlengalenga zomwe sensor imazindikira zimaphatikizidwa mumtambo, ndipo ndipamene timayendetsa ma analytics onse, pogwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu kuti tidziwe zochita za anthu kusiyana ndi china chilichonse."
Izi zimapanga 'mapasa a digito' a munthu aliyense malinga ndi momwe amachitira komanso zimadzutsa chenjezo kwa womusamalira, wachibale kapena wogwira ntchito payekha ngati kusintha kwazindikirika.
Izi zimapereka njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito ma alarm a telecare pendant, mwachitsanzo, omwe anthu amayenera kukankhira ndipo, monga Bradley Coupar, Smart Place Project Manager ndi Social Worker, Sutton Council, amanenera, "nthawi zambiri amatha kupachikidwa kapena kuikidwa mu drawer".
Coupar akuti dongosololi layambitsa kale kulowererapo koyambirira ndikupulumutsa moyo umodzi pomwe wokhalamo adagwa mnyumba yawo.
Akuti woyendetsa yemwe akupitilira wawonetsanso ubwino wowonera deta ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira ndi kusanthula zolosera kuti akhale okhazikika, m'malo mochitapo kanthu. Ili ndi kuthekera kochepetsera ndalama ku khonsolo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito 70 peresenti ya bajeti yake pazosamalira anthu.
"Cholinga sikuchotsa kulumikizana ndi anthu [kapena kuchepetsa] thandizo lomwe likubwera, koma ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mukupeza chithandizo choyenera panthawi yoyenera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera," adatero.
Ntchito ya sensor ya IoT Solutions Group imawononga pafupifupi 10 GBP (13 USD) pamwezi pachida chilichonse, ndikuchotsera kutengera kuchuluka kwa masensa ndi kutalika kwa mgwirizano.
"Zida za [telecare] zomwe tili nazo pakadali pano pazinthu za anthu - mtengo wake umaposa pamenepo," akutero Coupar.
Tsopano chinsinsi ndikupangitsa kuti teknoloji ipezeke kwambiri kudzera mu ndondomeko yadongosolo.
Pa gawo lotsatira la kuyesa, chipangizochi chidzaphatikizidwa m'mapulatifomu angapo opereka chithandizo cha telefoni, zomwe zidzapangitsanso kuti akuluakulu a boma azitha kupezeka kwina kulikonse.
"Vuto lomwe mumakumana nalo ndi oyendetsa ndege ndikuti ukadaulo sunakhazikitsidwe ngati chinthu ndikulumikizidwa ndi zida zina zonse zapa telefoni," akutero Coupar. "Kuphatikizira zida zatsopano mumitundu yomwe tili nayo ndichinthu chomwe ndikukankhira."
Sinthani, osapanga
Monga Sutton, Newcastle City Council idaphunziranso poyesa kuti kugwira ntchito ndi mabwenzi ndikofunikira.
Khonsoloyi imagwira ntchito ndi alangizi a Urban Foresight ngati bwenzi lawo lakusintha kwa digito. Kutengera njira yolimbana ndi zovuta, ntchito yobwezeretsanso mkati mwa chisamaliro cha anthu akuluakulu idadziwika ngati malo omwe zida za digito zitha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu - makamaka zokhudzana ndi kugwa. Utumiki wanthawi yayitali umathandiza anthu kuti achire ndikukhala paokha kunyumba atakhala m'chipatala kapena kusintha zosowa.
Njira yotulukira idapeza kuti 41 peresenti ya ogwiritsa ntchito osinthika amakumana ndi kugwa asanakhalepo kapena panthawi ya chisamaliro chawo, ndipo izi sizinalembedwe pakati. Zomwe zimayambitsa sizinali kudya ndi kumwa mokwanira, kuchulukirachulukira kapena kugwa poyendayenda m'nyumba, komanso kufunikira kokhala bwino komanso mphamvu.
Gululo lidachita kafukufuku waukadaulo kuti awone zida zomwe zingathandize komanso kafukufuku wa ogwiritsa ntchito momwe anthu amamvera paukadaulo wa digito.
Adasankha ma speaker anzeru a Amazon Alexa kuti azikumbutsa anthu kuti adye ndi kumwa, magetsi a Philips Smart Hue kuti athandize anthu kuyang'ana kunyumba, komanso pulogalamu yachitukuko yoperekedwa pavidiyo.
"Tidadabwa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi intaneti ya Wi-Fi komanso luso la digito ndipo anali ndi chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano kuti awathandize kukhala bwino kunyumba," akutero a Emma Clement, Senior Consultant ku Urban Foresight.
Kutumizako kunali kochepa - kuyambira masika a 2021, ogwiritsa ntchito 12 adalandira kusakanikirana kwaukadaulo kutengera zosowa zawo, koma Ben McLaughlan, Woyang'anira Utumiki, Care Services for Adult Social Care and Integrated Services ku Newcastle City Council, akuti ngakhale pamlingo uwu maphunzirowa adapereka maphunziro ofunikira.
Chipangizo cha Alexa chinali chopambana makamaka pazikumbutso, kuunikira kwanzeru kunali kothandiza koma kunkaonedwa kuti "kovuta kwambiri pamapulogalamu oyeserera," ndipo kuyimba kwamavidiyo sikunapitirire kupitilira umboni wa lingaliro chifukwa cha zovuta zolumikizana.
Kupyolera mu pulojekitiyi adakhazikitsidwanso njira yojambula bwino.
Phunziro lalikulu kwa bungweli linali kusewera molimbika. Mlanduwu udawonetsa kuti gulu la reablement ndiloyenera kuthandizira akuluakulu pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo, koma osati kuziyika. Pa gawo lotsatira, khonsolo ndi Urban Foresight idzagwira ntchito ndi mnzake wapa telefoni yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso pakutulutsa ukadaulo wapanyumba ndikuwongolera zinthu monga kuwongolera masheya ndi kugula.
Clement anati: “Mfundo imene tatsatira pa nkhaniyi ndi yakuti: sinthani, musamayambire zinthu zina.
Kuwunika kwa mtengo wa ndalama kunatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya ogula ndikotsika mtengo komanso kuti ngati woyendetsa ndegeyo akanalepheretsa kugwa kamodzi kokha, akanadzilipira yekha kuwirikiza kawiri.
Gawo lotsatira lidzayesanso zolembera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a m'manja kuti zitha kuvala kunja kwa nyumba, zomwe zimaphatikizapo tracker yamalo yothandizira odwala matenda a dementia omwe atha kutayika. Zida za Alexa zidzayesedwanso m'malo osamalirako.
Clement adati maphunziro ena ofunika kwambiri omwe aphunzira ndi kufunika kotenga njira yolimbana ndi zovuta, ukadaulo waukadaulo, komanso kukhala ndi wogwira ntchito wodzipereka kuti ayang'anire pulogalamuyi.
Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizidwanso ku Collaborative Newcastle, mgwirizano pakati pa khonsolo, mabungwe azaumoyo ndi chisamaliro cha anthu, gawo lodzipereka ndi mayunivesite kuti apititse patsogolo thanzi ndi moyo wabwino mumzindawu. Ntchitoyi tsopano ili ndi njira ya digito, yomwe ingathandize kuonetsetsa kuti malingaliro atsopano akufufuzidwa mwatsatanetsatane, akutero McLaughlan.
Bwererani ku ndalama
Liverpool ikuyesa ukadaulo waukadaulo wa digito pamaneti ake a 5G. Izi zimathandizira mapulogalamu ovuta kwambiri ndipo zimapereka mphamvu zoyankhulirana, zomwe Ann Williams, Woyang'anira Ntchito ndi Contracts Manager wa Adult Social Services ku Liverpool City Council, akuti ndizofunikira.
"Pali masensa ambiri omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito IoT ndipo ndiabwino kwambiri," adatero. "Ndiotsika mtengo kuposa zida zachikhalidwe zama telefoni, ndiye kuti ndizowonjezera. Koma tikuzindikira kuti sizingalowe m'malo mwa telecare mwanjira yomweyo chifukwa simungathe kukambirana nawo mawu."
Gawo loyamba la ntchitoyi lidayamba mu Epulo 2018 ngati gawo la Dipatimenti ya Zachikhalidwe, Media and Sport ya 5G Testbeds and Trials Programme ndipo idakhala miyezi 20.
Pulojekitiyi, yomwe idayesedwa ngati kuyesa koyamba kwaumoyo wa 5G ku Europe, idalandira 4.9 miliyoni GBP (6.4 miliyoni USD) kuyesa momwe ukadaulo wa 5G ungaperekere phindu loyezeka laumoyo ndi chisamaliro cha anthu mdera lomwe lili ndi digito.
Zinaperekedwa ndi mgwirizano wamagulu osiyanasiyana ndi matekinoloje a 11 adayesedwa ndi anthu odzipereka, kuphatikizapo mapulogalamu ochepetsera kusungulumwa, ntchito za telehealth, zosokoneza zowawa zenizeni, zowunikira zachilengedwe, chipangizo choletsa kutaya madzi m'thupi, ndi mavidiyo a pharmacy omwe amathandiza anthu kutenga mankhwala mosamala kunyumba.
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kumatha kupititsa patsogolo thanzi komanso moyo wabwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito komanso kukulitsa luso laumoyo ndi chithandizo cha anthu.
Kuwunikaku kunawerengera ndalama zomwe zingatheke kupulumutsa pazaumoyo ndi chisamaliro cha anthu opitilira 200,000 GBP pa ogwiritsa 100 pachaka, kutengera matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Gawo lachiwiri la polojekitiyi linalandira ndalama zowonjezera za 4.3 miliyoni za GBP kuti apange makina achinsinsi a 5G a zaumoyo ndi ntchito zothandizira anthu m'madera osankhidwa a Liverpool.
Ukadaulo umaphatikizapo chida chachipatala chowongolera ndi kuyang'anira thanzi lakutali, pulogalamu yomwe imaphunzitsa njira zochepetsera nkhawa, ntchito yakutali ya GP triaging, chisamaliro chabala ndi kasamalidwe ndiukadaulo wa sensa.
Ntchitoyi idakulitsidwa posachedwa mpaka Seputembara 2022 ndipo ikufuna kupanga "ndondomeko" yogwiritsa ntchito ma network achinsinsi a 5G popereka ntchito zaboma.
Ntchitoyi ifika pachimake pakuwunika mwatsatanetsatane nkhani yabizinesi yachinsinsi ya 5G.
Williams adati izi zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi moyo wabwino komanso ndalama zolimba ndipo zitha kuphatikiza zinthu monga ndalama zomwe zimapewedwa chifukwa chokhala paokha kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepa kwa kugwa komanso maola osamalira omasuka.
Kuwunika zopindulitsa zomwe zapezeka kumatanthauza kumveketsa bwino zolinga, akutero.
"Nthawi zonse takhala tikulankhula zaukadaulo wopanda pake chifukwa chaukadaulo. Pali mitundu yonse yaukadaulo wa whiz bang, koma funso ndilakuti: Kodi ikuthetsa vuto lenileni lomwe latenga nthawi yayitali?"
The network effect
Ngakhale kuti bizinesi si funso lazandalama, mizinda imayenera kuganizira momwe mapulogalamu angathandizire kwa nthawi yayitali.
Njira yowonjezereka yopangira bizinesi ndi njira yowonjezera.
Williams anati: “Tili ndi maganizo okhudza za umoyo wa anthu osati za thanzi ndi chisamaliro chabe. "Pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe titha kugwiritsa ntchito [network] iyi."
Potengera zomwe zikuchitika, ntchito ya Liverpool ikugwirizana ndi zoyesayesa zochepetsera kugawikana kwa digito kuti anthu ambiri athe kupeza mwayi wamaphunziro, ntchito komanso kucheza pa intaneti.
Kupitilira apo, chifukwa maukonde a Liverpool ndi achinsinsi, mzindawu ukhoza kupereka 'magawo' kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki am'manja kuti akwaniritse mipata.
"Izi zimathetsa ubale wabwino ndi makampani opanga mafoni," akutero Williams. “Imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu anandiuza kuti: ‘Ann, tilibe dipatimenti imene makhonsolo amatigulitsa: tikukugulitsani.’”
Williams akuyembekeza kuti mtundu "wosokoneza" uwu udzakhala wotchuka pakati pa akuluakulu aboma.
Kuvomereza
Nyumba za anthu ndi malo awo obisika kwambiri kotero pali mafunso okhudza ngati kuyang'anira digito kungamve kukhala kovutirapo.
Coupar akuti anthu ochepa okha omwe adapatsidwa ntchito ku Sutton adakana. Palibe zojambulidwa kapena zomvera zomwe zimachitika, ndipo palibe deta yamunthu yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa.
Kufunsa kunali kosavuta kwenikweni chifukwa kunalibe chifukwa chokhazikitsa makina ovuta kwambiri. Panthawi yomwe anthu ankada nkhawa kwambiri ndi thanzi lawo, ndikuganiza kuti akuluakulu a boma ankaganizira njira zotetezera anthu.
Newcastle idapeza kuti anthu ena amakhala osamala atayimbidwa patelefoni ndipo zidakhala zofunikira kuwatengera zida ndikuwonetsa.
Urban Foresight inapereka chitsogozo pa kayendetsedwe ka deta ndi chidziwitso chomwe chinaperekedwa kwa anthu ponena za kukhala mbali ya mayesero.
"Pali ma tempuleti ambiri omwe titha kugwiritsanso ntchito mtsogolo," akutero McLaughlan.
Williams adati ochepa omwe adatenga nawo gawo ku Liverpool adabweza zida zamasensa akunena kuti sakonda kumverera komwe amayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Zidazi "si za aliyense," akutero koma akukhulupirira kuti izi zisinthanso pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi pomwe anthu azigwiritsa ntchito zida monga mawotchi anzeru ndiukadaulo wina.
Iye anati: “Nafenso sitinganene zinthu zongotulutsa mawu. "Pali [anthu achikulire] ambiri omwe chifukwa cha mliriwu mwadzidzidzi adakhala akatswiri pa Facebook Portal kapena Google Hub."
"Akugwiritsa ntchito luso laukadaulo popanda kulitcha ukadaulo - amadziwa kuti amatha kulankhula ndi zidzukulu zawo ngati achita izi, izi ndi izi. Ndipo ndi momwe timawonera anthu kuvomereza zinthu."
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Nthawi yotumiza: May-06-2022