FAQs

Mitengo yanu ndi yotani?

Mitengo yathu idzakhala yabwino komanso yopikisana chifukwa champhamvu zathu zopanga, ngakhale mitengo ingasinthe malinga ndi kupezeka ndi zinthu zina zamsika. Tikutumizirani mndandanda wamitengo yomwe yasinthidwa kampani yanu italumikizana nafe kuti mumve zambiri.

Kodi muli ndi kuchuluka kocheperako?

Ayi ndithu. tidzagwira mawu motengera kuchuluka kwanu. Mukayitanitsa zambiri, mudzapeza mtengo wabwinoko. Ndipo ngati mukufuna zitsanzo zaulere, chonde titumizireni imelo.

Kodi mungandipatseko zolemba zoyenera?

Inde, inde. Tikhoza kukupatsani zikalata zokhudzana, monga Zikalata Analysis / Conformance; Inshuwaransi; Zoyambira, ndi zolemba zina zotumiza kunja.

Kodi avareji ya nthawi yotsogolera ndi yotani?

Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwanu ndi chitsanzo chanu mwatsatanetsatane, tidzakupatsani nthawi yoyenera yotsogolera. Monga mwachizolowezi, pazitsanzo, nthawi yotsogolera ndi pafupifupi masiku 7. Pakupanga misa, nthawi yotsogolera ndi masiku 20-30 mutalandira malipiro a deposit. Ufulu waulere tidziwitseni ngati muli ndi zofunikira zapadera.

Ndi njira zanji zolipirira zomwe mumavomereza?

Mutha kulipira ku akaunti yathu yakubanki, Western Union kapena PayPal:
30% gawo pasadakhale, 70% bwino ndi buku la B/L.

Kodi chitsimikizo cha malonda ndi chiyani?

Timatsimikizira zida zathu ndi kapangidwe kake. Kudzipereka kwathu ndikukhutira kwanu ndi zinthu zathu. Mu chitsimikiziro kapena ayi, ndi chikhalidwe cha kampani yathu kuthana ndi kuthetsa mavuto onse a kasitomala kuti aliyense akwaniritse

Kodi mumatsimikizira kutumizidwa kotetezeka komanso kotetezedwa?

Inde, nthawi zonse timagwiritsa ntchito ma CD apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsanso ntchito kulongedza kwapadera kwa zinthu zoopsa komanso zosungirako zoziziritsa zovomerezeka za zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Katswiri wazolongedza ndi zofunika kulongedza zomwe sizili mulingo zitha kubweretsa ndalama zina.

Nanga ndalama zotumizira?

Mtengo wotumizira umadalira momwe mumasankhira katunduyo. Express ndiye njira yachangu komanso yodula kwambiri. Ndi seafreight ndiye njira yabwino yothetsera ndalama zambiri. Ndendende mitengo ya katundu titha kukupatsani ngati tidziwa zambiri za kuchuluka, kulemera kwake ndi njira. Chonde titumizireni kuti mudziwe zambiri.

OM3 Vs OM4 Multimode fiber , Kodi pali kusiyana kotani?

M'malo mwake, kusiyana pakati pa OM3 vs OM4 fiber ndikungopanga chingwe cha fiber Optical. Kusiyanaku kumatanthawuza kuti chingwe cha OM4 chimakhala chochepetsera bwino ndipo chimatha kugwira ntchito pama bandwidth apamwamba kuposa OM3. Nchifukwa chiyani izi? Kuti ulalo wa ulusi ugwire ntchito, kuwala kochokera ku VCSEL transceiver kumakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kufikira wolandila kumapeto kwina. Pali zikhalidwe ziwiri zogwirira ntchito zomwe zingalepheretse izi - kuwala kwa kuwala ndi kufalikira kwa modal.

Attenuation ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya siginecha yowunikira pamene ikufalitsidwa (dB). Attenuation imayamba chifukwa cha kutayika kwa kuwala kudzera m'zigawo zongokhala, monga zingwe, zolumikizira chingwe, ndi zolumikizira. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa zolumikizira ndizofanana kotero kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito mu OM3 vs OM4 kuli pakutayika (dB) mu chingwe. OM4 CHIKWANGWANI chimayambitsa kutayika kochepa chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake. Kuchepetsa kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa ndi miyezo ikuwonetsedwa pansipa. Mutha kuwona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito OM4 kumakupatsani zotayika zochepa pa mita ya chingwe. Kutayika kwapansi kumatanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi maulalo ataliatali kapena kukhala ndi zolumikizira zolumikizana zambiri mu ulalo.

Kuchepetsa kwakukulu komwe kumaloledwa pa 850nm: OM3<3.5 dB/Km; OM4<3.0 dB/Km

Kuwala kumafalikira mosiyanasiyana motsatira ulusi. Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa ulusi, mitundu iyi imafika nthawi zosiyana pang'ono. Kusiyana kumeneku kukukulirakulira, pamapeto pake mumafika pomwe zomwe zikufalitsidwa sizingadziwike. Kusiyana kumeneku pakati pa mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri ndi yotsika kwambiri kumatchedwa modal dispersion. Kubalalika kwa modal kumatsimikizira bandwidth ya modal yomwe fiber imatha kugwira ntchito ndipo uku ndiko kusiyana pakati pa OM3 ndi OM4. Kutsika kwa kufalikira kwa ma modal, kumapangitsa kuti bandwidth ya modal komanso kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chomwe chingapatsidwe. Ma modal bandwidth a OM3 ndi OM4 akuwonetsedwa pansipa. Ma bandwidth apamwamba omwe amapezeka mu OM4 amatanthauza kubalalitsidwa kwakung'ono kwa modal ndipo motero amalola maulalo a chingwe kukhala otalikirapo kapena amalola kutayika kwakukulu kudzera pa zolumikizira zambiri. Izi zimapereka zosankha zambiri mukamayang'ana kapangidwe ka netiweki.

Bandwidth ya Chingwe Chochepa cha Fiber pa 850nm: OM3 2000 MHz·km; OM4 4700 MHz · Km

Nanga bwanji ngati sindikutsimikiza za mtundu wanji wa chinthu chomwe ndikufuna kugula?

Mutha kutidziwitsa mwachangu za momwe chilengedwe chidzagwiritsire ntchito, ndikukonda zatsatanetsatane monga chinyezi, kutentha, ndi geological factor. Titha kukupatsirani zida zophatikizika za chingwe / ulusi ndi mitengo kuti zikwaniritse zomwe mukufuna. Zosankha zopangidwa mwamakonda ziliponso.

Kodi zigawo zikuluzikulu za chingwe cha fiber optic ndi chiyani?

Chingwe cha fiber chimakhala ndi:

Kore**: Magalasi/silica (8-62.5µm m'mimba mwake) potumiza kuwala.

Cladding**: Wosanjikiza wakunja wokhala ndi cholozera chocheperako kuti mukhale ndi kuwala.

Kupaka **: Chitetezo cha acrylate wosanjikiza (250µm).

Mamembala amphamvu**: ndodo za Aramid / fiberglass.

Jekete lakunja**: Zida za PE/PVC/LSZH zoteteza chilengedwe.

Single-mode vs. Multi-mode fiber - mungasankhe bwanji?

| | **Parameter** | **Mode Imodzi (SMF)** | **Multi-Mode (MMF)** |

|------------------------------------------------------------------|

| | Core Diameter | 8-10µm | 50/62.5µm |

| | Utali | 80-120km | ≤550m (OM4) |

| | Bandwidth | Zopanda malire (mwamwambo) | Ochepa ndi modal kubalalitsidwa |

| | Mtengo | Zapamwamba (magwero a laser) | Pansi (LED/VCSEL) |

| | **Gwiritsani Ntchito Nkhani** | Telecom/5G backhaul | Malo opangira data/Kampasi |

Kodi Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) imakulitsa bwanji luso?

Tekinoloje ya SDM ikuphatikiza:

Multi-core fibers (MCF)**: 7-19 cores/fiber, akuwonetsa kufalikira kwa 1Pbps.

Ulusi wamitundu yochepa (FMF)**: Njira zingapo zowunikira pachikatikati.

Phindu la oyendetsa*: Amachepetsa kutsekeka kwa ma duct; NTT idatumiza MCF ku metro ya Tokyo.

Kodi ntchito ya hollow-core fibers ndi chiyani?

Ma fiber awa:

- Kuwongolera kuwala kudzera mumlengalenga (osati galasi), kudula latency ndi 31% (1.46μs/km vs. 2.13μs/km).

- Ntchito zomwe mukufuna: HFT (malonda apamwamba kwambiri), ma network a quantum.

*Vuto*: Kuchepetsa kwambiri (~3dB/km) vs. SMF's 0.17dB/km.

Kodi ogwira ntchito ayenera kukonzekera bwanji zosowa za 6G fiber?

A: Magawo atatu ofunika kwambiri:

1. Fronthaul**: Gwiritsani ntchito ulusi wa G.654.E (kutayika kochepa, malo akuluakulu ogwira ntchito) kwa> 400G wavelengths.

2. Maselo ang'onoang'ono **: Zingwe zazing'ono (≤6mm m'mimba mwake) zopangira midzi yambiri.

3. Kuphatikiza kwa SDN **: Sinthani kugawa kwa fiber resource kudzera ku OpenROADM.

Chifukwa chiyani ma opareta akutenga mitundu ya "open cable"?

A: Ubwino ndi monga:

- Kuchepetsa mtengo ndi 30% kudzera pamapangidwe a mavenda-agnostic (mwachitsanzo, Vodafone's Open Fiber Initiative).

- Zosintha mwachangu (mapulagi-ndi-sewero la fiber).

Kodi njira zabwino zoyezera ulusi wa fiber ndi ziti?

A:** Mayeso ovuta:

OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)**: Imayesa kuwonongeka kwa magawo / kusweka.

Kuyesa Kutaya Kwambiri **: Kutsimikizira kutayika kwa dB kumapeto mpaka kumapeto.

Kuyesa kwa Chromatic Dispersion**: Ndikofunikira pa> 100G machitidwe ogwirizana.

Momwe mungathetsere mabala a fiber moyenera?

1. **Khwerero 1**: Pezani zolakwika mkati mwa 3m pogwiritsa ntchito OTDR yokwera kwambiri.

2. **Khwerero 2**: Ikani zokwawa za robotic kuti zikonzere mobisa.

3. **Khwerero 3 **: Gwiritsani ntchito fusion splicers ndi ≤0.02dB kutaya splice.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya zingwe za optical fiber ndi iti?

Mitundu yayikulu ndi:

-Single-mode fiber (SMF):** Yopangidwira maulendo aatali, othamanga kwambiri (monga 1310 / 1550nm wavelengths).

-Multimode fiber (MMF):** Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtunda waufupi (monga, OM1/OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 kwa 850/1300nm).

Zingwe zamkati/kunja:** Zida zankhondo, zopanda zida, riboni, kapena machubu otayirira.

-zingwe zapadera: ** FTTH (Drop zingwe), zingwe zapansi pamadzi, zingwe zamlengalenga, etc.

Momwe mungasankhire pakati pa single-mode ndi multimode fiber?

lingalirani:

- **Utali:** SMF > 1km; MMF ya ≤500m (imasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa data).

- **Mtengo:** Ma transceivers a MMF ndi otsika mtengo koma SMF imapereka umboni wamtsogolo.

- ** Ntchito: ** SMF ya telecom / ulendo wautali; MMF yama data center/LANs.

Njira zabwino zoyika ma fiber cable ndi ziti?

Malangizo ofunikira:

- Pewani kupyola **kukoka kukanikiza ** (mwachitsanzo, ≤150N ya SMF).

- Sungani osachepera ** mapindikidwe opindika ** (mwachitsanzo, 20mm pazingwe za zigamba).

- Gwiritsani ntchito **splicing/zolumikizira** (LC/SC/MPO) ndi malekezero a ferrule oyera.

- Yesani ndi **OTDR/mphamvu mamita ** kuyika pambuyo.

Kodi zingwe za optical fiber zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Nthawi zambiri **20-25 zaka **, koma zimatengera:

- Zinthu zachilengedwe (chinyezi, kuwonekera kwa UV).

- Kupsinjika kwamakina (kupindika, kugwedezeka).

-Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kungapangitse kukweza patsogolo pa EOL.